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Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe
Peter HeatherThe book's vivid narrative begins at the time of Christ, when the Mediterranean circle, newly united under the Romans, hosted a politically sophisticated, economically advanced, & culturally developed civilization--one with philosophy, banking, professional armies, literature, stunning architecture, even garbage collection. The rest of Europe, meanwhile, was home to subsistence farmers living in small groups, dominated largely by Germanic speakers. Although having some iron tools and weapons, these mostly illiterate peoples worked mainly in wood & never built in stone. The farther east one went, the simpler it became: fewer iron tools & ever less productive economies. And yet 10 centuries later, from the Atlantic to the Urals, the European world had turned. Slavic speakers had largely superseded Germanic speakers in central & Eastern Europe, literacy was growing, Christianity had spread, & most fundamentally, Mediterranean supremacy was broken.
The emergence of larger & stronger states in the north & east had, by the year 1000, brought patterns of human organization into much greater homogeneity across the continent. Barbarian Europe was barbarian no longer. Bringing the whole of first millennium European history together for the first time, & challenging current arguments that migration played but a tiny role in this unfolding narrative, Empires & Barbarians views the destruction of the ancient world order in the light of modern migration & globalization patterns. The result is a compelling, nuanced, & integrated view of how
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